Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack Strategic Bombers
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*Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack Strategic Bombersc Bombers
*Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack Strategic Bombers MissileData | Image Gallery
*According to Engineering News, the “Tu-160 is a supersonic, variable-swept wing, heavy bomber aircraft, capable of carrying nuclear weapons. It is the direct rival of the US’s B1 Lancer strategic.
*Tupolev Tu-160 Strategic Bomber: Performance, Speed, Specs. Tupolev Tu-160 (NATO reporting name: Blackjack) is a supersonic tactical bomber produced by the joint research company and the Tupolev Moscow aircraft complex and the Kazan-Gorbunov Aircraft Production Association in Tatarstan from 1980 to 1992. The Tu-160 flight test was completed in December 1981 and began operations in.Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack Strategic Bombersc Bombers
Russia’s new Tupolev Tu-160M2 Blackjack supersonic strategic bomber is expected to make its first flight in late 2018 and enter into full-rate production by 2021. Of the new Tu-160 variant. - -
Tupolev
Tu-160
ASCC codename: Blackjack
Intercontinental Strategic Bomber
DESCRIPTION:
The Tu-160 is the largest combat aircraft in the world and the largest bomber ever built. Though bearing a strong resemblance to the American B-1 bomber, particularly the cancelled B-1A, the Blackjack is much larger. Also like the B-1A, the Tu-160 is optimized to penetrate enemy air defenses at high altitude and supersonic speeds.
The Tu-160 maintains good handling and performance both at low speeds and during supersonic flight thanks to variable geometry wings. The wing position is adjusted manually to three settings of 20° for takeoff and landing, 35° for transonic cruise, and 65° for high-speed flight. Also improving performance at low speeds are full-span leading edge slats and double-slotted flaps along the trailing edge. An unusual feature of the innermost section of flaps is that there is no slot in the fuselage for these devices to slide into when the wings are swept fully back. Instead, the flaps fold upward to align with the aircraft centerline and form a large fence at the wing root.
The long slender fuselage of the Tu-160 provides room for a crew of four. The cockpit contains joysticks similar to those in fighters, but the Tu-160 does not have electronic Heads-Up-Displays (HUDs) like most western aircraft. The long pointed nose contains a large terrain-following radar, and a fairing underneath the nose houses a video camera to assist in weapon targeting. The Tu-160 carries a large payload internally within two tandem bomb bays in the center fuselage. Each bay is normally fitted with a rotary launcher compatible with nuclear-tipped cruise missiles.
Tu-160 production began in the mid-1980s but had been stopped prematurely following President Yeltsin’s announcement in January 1992 that no further strategic bombers would be built. A total of 36 examples of the Tu-160 are believed to have been completed by June 1994. Of these, 20 ended up in Ukraine after the Soviet Union dissolved, 6 more were operational with the Russian Air Force, and another 6 test aircraft were kept at the Zhukovskii flight test center in various states of repair. Ukraine rarely flew its Blackjacks and signed an agreement in 1995 to give up any nuclear weapons and their delivery vehicles, including the Tu-160. Ukraine returned eight of the bombers to Russia in exchange for natural gas while the remainder were destroyed under the watch of international inspectors. Only 15 of those built were estimated to be operational as of 2004.
Tu-160 operations during suffered not only because of the changing political climate, but also due to numerous development problems and parts shortages. Difficulties with flight controls, poor reliability of the engines and onboard systems, as well as a lack of basic equipment for aircrew and ground crew caused repeated problems throughout the 1990s. Most of the bombers were also delivered before the production configuration had been finalized, so no two aircraft are alike and components differ from plane to plane degrading maintenance and serviceability.
Despite these troubles, the bomber was revitalized when President Putin restarted strategic patrol flights and ordered Tu-160 assembly to resume. Deliveries of new-build Blackjacks began in 2007 and Russian officials expect one additional bomber to be completed every 18 months. The Air Force hopes to bring the total Tu-160 fleet up to 30 operational aircraft by 2025.
Further enhancing the combat capability and operability of the fleet is a modernization program aimed at the surviving bombers built before 1994. The updates include new engines upgraded to improve reliability, digital flight controls and avioics, compatibility with Russia’s GPS system called GLONASS, and the ability to carry new weapons such as laser-guided bombs and advanced conventional cruise missiles. Plans call for three to five Blackjacks to be updated each year to bring the original Tu-160 fleet up to the same standard as new production models by about 2012. A commercial derivative known as the Tu-160SK has also been proposed as a potential launch platform for a small rocket to low-Earth orbit.
Last modified 17 March 2011
HISTORY:First Flight 19 December 1981 Service Entry
25 April 1987
CREW:
four: pilot, co-pilot, navigator/offensive weapons operator, navigator/EW and communications operator
ESTIMATED COST:
unknown
AIRFOIL SECTIONS:Wing Root unknown Wing Tip unknown
DIMENSIONS:Length 177.50 ft (54.10 m) Wingspanunswept: 182.75 ft (55.70 m)
swept: 116.81 ft (35.60 m) Height 43.00 ft (13.10 m) Wing Area 3,870 ft² (360.0 m²) Canard Area
not applicable
WEIGHTS:Empty 257,940 lb (117,000 kg) Normal Takeoff 589,955 lb (267,600 kg) Max Takeoff 606,260 lb (275,000 kg) Fuel Capacityinternal: 326,285 lb (148,000 kg)
external: none Max Payload
36,000 lb (16,330 kg)
PROPULSION:Powerplant four Samara/ Trud NK-321 afterburning turbofans Thrust 123, 370 lb (548.8 kN)
220,460 lb (980.6 kN) with afterburner
PERFORMANCE:Max Level Speedat altitude: 1,380 mph (2,220 km/h) at 40,000 ft (12,200 m), Mach 2.05
at sea level: 640 mph (1,030 km/k)
cruise speed: 530 mph (850 km/h) at 30,000 ft (9,145 m), Mach 0.77 Initial Climb Rate 13,780 ft (4,200 m) / min Service Ceiling 52,495 ft (16,000 m) Range 6,650 nm (12,300 km) Endurance 15 hr g-Limits +2
ARMAMENT:Gun none Stations two internal bomb bays Air-to-Surface Missile up to 12 Kh-55/AS-15 ’Kent’, up to 24 Kh-15P/AS-16 ’Kickback’ cruise missiles
reportedly to be upgraded to carry up to 12 Kh-101 or up to 12 Kh-SD cruise missiles Bomb theoretically compatible with various free-fall nuclear or conventional bombs, but none have yet been integrated Other unknown
KNOWN VARIANTS: Tu-160 ’Blackjack-A’ Production strategic bomber; approximately 30 built Tu-160S ’Blackjack-A’ Designation sometimes applied to serial production aircraft to differentiate from prototypes and pre-prodcution models Tu-160P Proposal for an interceptor armed with medium- and long-range air-to-air-missiles to escort and defend bombers; cancelled Tu-160PP Proposal for an electronic countermeasures model to escort bombers; cancelled Tu-160M Proposed model with a stretched fuselage to carry two long-range Kh-90 missiles; cancelled Tu-160 NK-74 Proposed version carrying NK-74 engines to increase range; cancelled Tu-160V Variant designed to carry liquid hydrogen fuel; cancelled Tu-160R Proposed reconnaissance model; cancelled Tu-160SK Proposal for a commercial variant to carry a small space vehicle named Burlak underneath the fuselage to high altitude and then launch the vehicle into low-Earth orbit Tu-170 Proposed derivative of the Tu-160 designed to carry only conventional non-nuclear weapons and avoid limitations imposed by the SALT-2 treaty; cancelled
KNOWN COMBAT RECORD:
none
KNOWN OPERATORS:
Russia, Voyenno Vozdushniye Sili (Russian Air Force)
Ukraine, Voyenno Vozdushnyye Sily (Ukraine Military Air Forces)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Voyenno Vozdushniye Sili (Soviet Air Force)
3-VIEW SCHEMATIC:
SOURCES:
* Bishop, Chris, ed. The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Weapons: The Comprehensive Guide to Over 1,000 Weapon Systems from 1945 to the Present Day. NY: Barnes & Noble, 1999, p. 269.
* Donald, David, ed. The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. NY: Barnes & Noble, 1997, p. 887, Tupolev Tu-160.
* Donald, David and Lake, Jon, ed. The Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. NY: Barnes & Noble, 2000, p. 431, Tupolev Tu-160 ’Blackjack’.
* Gunston, Bill, ed. The Encyclopedia of Modern Warplanes. NY: Barnes & Noble, 1995, p. 276, Tupolev Tu-160 ’Blackjack’.
* Gunston, Bill, ed. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1995, p. 442-444, Tu-160.
* Munro, Bob and Chant, Christopher. Jane’s Combat Aircraft. Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers, 1995, p. 238-239.
* Taylor, Michael. Brassey’s World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1996/1997. London: Brassey’s, 1996, p. 102-103, Tupolev Tu-160 (NATO name Blackjack).
* Taylor, Michael J. H. Brassey’s World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London: Brassey’s, 1999, p. 84-86, Tupolev Tu-160 (NATO name Blackjack). Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack Strategic Bombers Missile
Aircraft | Design | Ask Us | Shop | SearchAbout Us | Contact Us | Copyright © 1997-2018
Special Ukraine Tours
Kiev Tours | Tour Guide
Invite you to travel in Ukraine, choose your special Ukraine tour and enjoy perfect travel moments during sightseeing, helicopter, industrial and aviation tours!
Kiev Tour Guide Pavel Korsun | +38 050 936 96 80 | contact@ukraine-kiev-tour.comPoltava Sights | Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation
Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack and Tu-95 The Bear
Individual and group tours to Poltava
The largest heavy strategic bomber in the world is Tupolev Tu-160 White Swan - Blackjack and the only copy which can be viewed in Poltava Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation only as well as visit the cockpit. Today in Russia on combat duty there are seventeen Tu-160. In Ukraine during Soviet Union time there were nineteen Tu-160 in 184th Guards Heavy Bomber Regiment in Pryluky.
Tupolev Tu-160 White Swan - Blackjack is designed to take-off weight of 300 tons, flight speed of 2200 km per hour, variable-sweep wing - the angles 20, 30 and 65 degrees, 4 engines of 25 000 kilogram-force each, crew - pilot, co-pilot, bombardier, defensive systems operator, 12 missiles with nuclear warheads.
The procedure of launch of nuclear missiles on base of Tu-160: at the entrance to attack zone lights signal ’Start Enabled’, then type the code that unlocks a nuclear weapon, bombardier opens one or two bomber hatchs and produce missile launches.
Once missle X-55 separated from the aircraft after a while system is activated that puts stabilizers which are located in the normal position inside the missile. Then the missile X-55 descends to an altitude of 50 meters above ground level and continues the flight to pre-set coordinates considering the terrain at a speed of 800 km per hour with a flight range of 2500-3000 km. The deviation of pre-set coordinates is few tens of centimeters.
It is an interesting design solutions of tail of Tupolev Tu-160 White Swan - Blackjack that is turned one piece and a special part of the wing - triangle wing operating as an air brake. Taking off on Tu-160 took an average of 46 seconds.
Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear - an unique copy of four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber which no other museum in the world - only in Poltava Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation.
There were built only 64 aircrafts of Tu-95MS. This aircraft was designed for nuclear strikes on territory of United States of America (USA). Flight range is 10500 meters, 6 nuclear missiles, take-off weight of 185 tons, 4 engines of 15 000 kilogram-force each. Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear are on combat duty along the coast of United States of America resumed by President of Russia Vladimir Putin.
Tu-95MS has four turbojet engines that is configured to work in the most economical fuel mode. These engines are more economical than jet engines - in jet engines to increase the power necessary to increase the fuel consumption - in turbojet engines it is only needed to change the angle of rotor blades.
Front propeller of TU-95MS is rotated counter-clockwise, back - clockwise so both propellers create a large flow of air over the wing and at low-speed the aircraft TU-95MS controlled perfectly. Fuel tanks are 86 tons and during the flight the fuel is being used by the same econimic mode with the possibility to make flight up to 12 hours. Soviet pilots were not very fond of Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear due to high noise of propellers and the fact that the flight proceeded as very boring and monotonous. Most pilots wanted to fly a jet and supersonic aircrafts.
In the cargo hatch of Tu-95MS there is a beam to which are attached six nuclear missiles. Missiles could be released one by one or it was possible to release all the missiles at once. The crew of Tu-95MS never knew exact targets for which they shoot missiles.
In the tail of Tu-95MS there is an automatic gun which automatically identifies the object, makes aiming and shooting.
In Soviet Union times Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear took-off from Ukraine in the direction of North Sea then to England and landed in Cuba with nuclear weapons. This flight of Tu-95MS called ’Nuclear Patrol’. 90% of flight time of Tu-95MS bombers was with fighter escort of the countries near which took flight: Norway, England, America, Canada and England again. One of the crew members in the tail of Tu-95MS was an observer for fighter escort.
In Ukraine there were 23 of Tu-95MS bombers as a part of 1002nd Bomber Regiment ’Uzin’ near Bila Tserkva. After the decision to refuse of Ukraine of nuclear weapons - 3 aircraft were handed over to Russia for gas debts, 1 aircraft was transferred to Poltava Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation, all the other Tu-95MS bombers were cut for scrap.
The pilots and crew of Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear never wear parachutes - just sit on them. In case of emergency escape of aircraft crew sits on a wooden conveyor, wears parachutes and through the open hatch leave the plane. Apply a catapult on Tu-95MS makes no sense - too many crew members - seven men so it would be necessary to do a lot of hatches in the fuselage. The Tu-95MS is so reliable that even when stopped three engines it can be on one engine to land safe way.
Tu-95MS can be refueled in the air. Hyatt aruba casino poker no deposit. In Russia the record was set - Tu-95MS flew 43 hours non-stop. Now Russia is reinforced training of pilots on Tu-95MS and Tu-160 flying these aircrafts much more than pilots flew in Soviet times. There was a failure to prepare flight crews - old pilots of Soviet Union (USSR) was no longer able to fly according to age and new pilots were quite inexperienced. Thus is reinforced crew training and a return to a system of training of pilots of Soviet Union (USSR).
Tupolev Tu-22M3 - Backfire is listed in Guinness Book of Records as the fastest bomber in the world - 2 300 kilometers per hour. Take-off weight of 124 tons, crew - pilot, co-pilot, navigator, weapon systems operator, two engines at 25 000 kilogram-force each, variable-sweep wing - the angles 20, 30 and 65 degrees, can carry 24 tons of bombs.
The main objective of Tupolev Tu-22M3 - Backfire is the destruction of a potential enemy forces in Europe as well as important strategic objects - large factories, ports, objects of chemical and nuclear industry. Tu-22M3 can carry three supersonic missiles. Each missile weighs 6 tons with 1 ton warhead of TNT or nuclear (2 megatons), the speed of flight - 4000-6000 km per hour, the flight altitude of 22 kilometers above the ground. Automatic gun at the tail of Tu-22M3 fires 4000 shots per minute.
In aircraft Tu-22M3 between engines is presented emergency fuel discharge. Probability of poker hands in texas holdem. Tupolev Tu-22M3 - Backfire is filled with 54 tons of fuel and if after take-off there was an emergency - it was needed to remove the part of fuel because of the limited strength of the chassis for landing. If the problem let the crew to circling over the airport - the fuel was burned by Tu-22M3 engines, in case the landing should be done instantly - the fuel under 64 atmospheric pressure jetted into the air till the moment it will left 26 tons with which it was possible to land.
Preparations for the flight of Tu-22M3 was the following: crew take their places, start the engines, set the position of wings as far back (65 degrees - minimum size of the aircraft), taxiing to runway, then the wing is set to ’20 degrees’ and expand the area of wing. As a result the wing looks full of holes but thanks to this it well-blown on the top so Tupolev Tu-22M3 - Backfire could take-off of weight of 124 tons with speed of 370 kilometers per hour. After took-off - landing gear retraction, at a speed of 550 kilometers per hour wing was changed to ’30 degrees’, continue flying at subsonic speed, then turn on the afterburner, gaining altitude 11000 meters, then the position of wings set far back (65 degrees) and Tu-22M3 start flight at supersonic speed.
Tu-22M3 could not go into a tailspin but can falls on the engines. Test pilots tried to bring the plane out of this situation in different ways using afterburner and braking parachutes - nothing helped. But there were exercises in which the pilots at an altitude of 5000 dropped the speed to 370 km per hour with position of the wing ’30 degrees’ so that was almost stall mode and the plane was shaking all over.
Tupolev Tu-22K - Blinder made its first flight in 1958. The aircraft features: take-off weight of 92 tons, the speed of 1640 km per hour, the two engines on the tail of 16000 kilogram-force each, 3 crew members, range of 5280 km.
Tu-22K used to transport different types of bombs but the most of all proved to be as missile carrier. The task of Tu-22K was directing attacks against USA aircraft carriers. In Ukraine there were two regiments of TU-22K - Nizhyn Cavalry Regiment, missile-carrying regiment near Zhytomyr and three regiments were in Belarus.
The disadvantage of Tupolev Tu-22K - Blinder was a very bad configuration of the wing with very big sweep. There was also a weak mechanization - take-off was carried out at a speed of 420 km per hour and landing speed was 330 kilometers per hour - is also very high. Catapults of Tu-22K worked just down. The problem was that the catapult ejection at altitude below 240 meters above ground level was not possible. Pilot salary of Tu-16 and Tu-22K differed by 25 Soviet rubles only. The Tu-22K due to design flaws was dangerous for pilots and crew - many pilots simply refused to fly it. By NATO aircraft Tu-22K called ’ Blinder’ because of very limited visibility from the cockpit with the pilot position, just as well w
https://diarynote.indered.space
*Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack Strategic Bombersc Bombers
*Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack Strategic Bombers MissileData | Image Gallery
*According to Engineering News, the “Tu-160 is a supersonic, variable-swept wing, heavy bomber aircraft, capable of carrying nuclear weapons. It is the direct rival of the US’s B1 Lancer strategic.
*Tupolev Tu-160 Strategic Bomber: Performance, Speed, Specs. Tupolev Tu-160 (NATO reporting name: Blackjack) is a supersonic tactical bomber produced by the joint research company and the Tupolev Moscow aircraft complex and the Kazan-Gorbunov Aircraft Production Association in Tatarstan from 1980 to 1992. The Tu-160 flight test was completed in December 1981 and began operations in.Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack Strategic Bombersc Bombers
Russia’s new Tupolev Tu-160M2 Blackjack supersonic strategic bomber is expected to make its first flight in late 2018 and enter into full-rate production by 2021. Of the new Tu-160 variant. - -
Tupolev
Tu-160
ASCC codename: Blackjack
Intercontinental Strategic Bomber
DESCRIPTION:
The Tu-160 is the largest combat aircraft in the world and the largest bomber ever built. Though bearing a strong resemblance to the American B-1 bomber, particularly the cancelled B-1A, the Blackjack is much larger. Also like the B-1A, the Tu-160 is optimized to penetrate enemy air defenses at high altitude and supersonic speeds.
The Tu-160 maintains good handling and performance both at low speeds and during supersonic flight thanks to variable geometry wings. The wing position is adjusted manually to three settings of 20° for takeoff and landing, 35° for transonic cruise, and 65° for high-speed flight. Also improving performance at low speeds are full-span leading edge slats and double-slotted flaps along the trailing edge. An unusual feature of the innermost section of flaps is that there is no slot in the fuselage for these devices to slide into when the wings are swept fully back. Instead, the flaps fold upward to align with the aircraft centerline and form a large fence at the wing root.
The long slender fuselage of the Tu-160 provides room for a crew of four. The cockpit contains joysticks similar to those in fighters, but the Tu-160 does not have electronic Heads-Up-Displays (HUDs) like most western aircraft. The long pointed nose contains a large terrain-following radar, and a fairing underneath the nose houses a video camera to assist in weapon targeting. The Tu-160 carries a large payload internally within two tandem bomb bays in the center fuselage. Each bay is normally fitted with a rotary launcher compatible with nuclear-tipped cruise missiles.
Tu-160 production began in the mid-1980s but had been stopped prematurely following President Yeltsin’s announcement in January 1992 that no further strategic bombers would be built. A total of 36 examples of the Tu-160 are believed to have been completed by June 1994. Of these, 20 ended up in Ukraine after the Soviet Union dissolved, 6 more were operational with the Russian Air Force, and another 6 test aircraft were kept at the Zhukovskii flight test center in various states of repair. Ukraine rarely flew its Blackjacks and signed an agreement in 1995 to give up any nuclear weapons and their delivery vehicles, including the Tu-160. Ukraine returned eight of the bombers to Russia in exchange for natural gas while the remainder were destroyed under the watch of international inspectors. Only 15 of those built were estimated to be operational as of 2004.
Tu-160 operations during suffered not only because of the changing political climate, but also due to numerous development problems and parts shortages. Difficulties with flight controls, poor reliability of the engines and onboard systems, as well as a lack of basic equipment for aircrew and ground crew caused repeated problems throughout the 1990s. Most of the bombers were also delivered before the production configuration had been finalized, so no two aircraft are alike and components differ from plane to plane degrading maintenance and serviceability.
Despite these troubles, the bomber was revitalized when President Putin restarted strategic patrol flights and ordered Tu-160 assembly to resume. Deliveries of new-build Blackjacks began in 2007 and Russian officials expect one additional bomber to be completed every 18 months. The Air Force hopes to bring the total Tu-160 fleet up to 30 operational aircraft by 2025.
Further enhancing the combat capability and operability of the fleet is a modernization program aimed at the surviving bombers built before 1994. The updates include new engines upgraded to improve reliability, digital flight controls and avioics, compatibility with Russia’s GPS system called GLONASS, and the ability to carry new weapons such as laser-guided bombs and advanced conventional cruise missiles. Plans call for three to five Blackjacks to be updated each year to bring the original Tu-160 fleet up to the same standard as new production models by about 2012. A commercial derivative known as the Tu-160SK has also been proposed as a potential launch platform for a small rocket to low-Earth orbit.
Last modified 17 March 2011
HISTORY:First Flight 19 December 1981 Service Entry
25 April 1987
CREW:
four: pilot, co-pilot, navigator/offensive weapons operator, navigator/EW and communications operator
ESTIMATED COST:
unknown
AIRFOIL SECTIONS:Wing Root unknown Wing Tip unknown
DIMENSIONS:Length 177.50 ft (54.10 m) Wingspanunswept: 182.75 ft (55.70 m)
swept: 116.81 ft (35.60 m) Height 43.00 ft (13.10 m) Wing Area 3,870 ft² (360.0 m²) Canard Area
not applicable
WEIGHTS:Empty 257,940 lb (117,000 kg) Normal Takeoff 589,955 lb (267,600 kg) Max Takeoff 606,260 lb (275,000 kg) Fuel Capacityinternal: 326,285 lb (148,000 kg)
external: none Max Payload
36,000 lb (16,330 kg)
PROPULSION:Powerplant four Samara/ Trud NK-321 afterburning turbofans Thrust 123, 370 lb (548.8 kN)
220,460 lb (980.6 kN) with afterburner
PERFORMANCE:Max Level Speedat altitude: 1,380 mph (2,220 km/h) at 40,000 ft (12,200 m), Mach 2.05
at sea level: 640 mph (1,030 km/k)
cruise speed: 530 mph (850 km/h) at 30,000 ft (9,145 m), Mach 0.77 Initial Climb Rate 13,780 ft (4,200 m) / min Service Ceiling 52,495 ft (16,000 m) Range 6,650 nm (12,300 km) Endurance 15 hr g-Limits +2
ARMAMENT:Gun none Stations two internal bomb bays Air-to-Surface Missile up to 12 Kh-55/AS-15 ’Kent’, up to 24 Kh-15P/AS-16 ’Kickback’ cruise missiles
reportedly to be upgraded to carry up to 12 Kh-101 or up to 12 Kh-SD cruise missiles Bomb theoretically compatible with various free-fall nuclear or conventional bombs, but none have yet been integrated Other unknown
KNOWN VARIANTS: Tu-160 ’Blackjack-A’ Production strategic bomber; approximately 30 built Tu-160S ’Blackjack-A’ Designation sometimes applied to serial production aircraft to differentiate from prototypes and pre-prodcution models Tu-160P Proposal for an interceptor armed with medium- and long-range air-to-air-missiles to escort and defend bombers; cancelled Tu-160PP Proposal for an electronic countermeasures model to escort bombers; cancelled Tu-160M Proposed model with a stretched fuselage to carry two long-range Kh-90 missiles; cancelled Tu-160 NK-74 Proposed version carrying NK-74 engines to increase range; cancelled Tu-160V Variant designed to carry liquid hydrogen fuel; cancelled Tu-160R Proposed reconnaissance model; cancelled Tu-160SK Proposal for a commercial variant to carry a small space vehicle named Burlak underneath the fuselage to high altitude and then launch the vehicle into low-Earth orbit Tu-170 Proposed derivative of the Tu-160 designed to carry only conventional non-nuclear weapons and avoid limitations imposed by the SALT-2 treaty; cancelled
KNOWN COMBAT RECORD:
none
KNOWN OPERATORS:
Russia, Voyenno Vozdushniye Sili (Russian Air Force)
Ukraine, Voyenno Vozdushnyye Sily (Ukraine Military Air Forces)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Voyenno Vozdushniye Sili (Soviet Air Force)
3-VIEW SCHEMATIC:
SOURCES:
* Bishop, Chris, ed. The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Weapons: The Comprehensive Guide to Over 1,000 Weapon Systems from 1945 to the Present Day. NY: Barnes & Noble, 1999, p. 269.
* Donald, David, ed. The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. NY: Barnes & Noble, 1997, p. 887, Tupolev Tu-160.
* Donald, David and Lake, Jon, ed. The Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. NY: Barnes & Noble, 2000, p. 431, Tupolev Tu-160 ’Blackjack’.
* Gunston, Bill, ed. The Encyclopedia of Modern Warplanes. NY: Barnes & Noble, 1995, p. 276, Tupolev Tu-160 ’Blackjack’.
* Gunston, Bill, ed. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1995, p. 442-444, Tu-160.
* Munro, Bob and Chant, Christopher. Jane’s Combat Aircraft. Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers, 1995, p. 238-239.
* Taylor, Michael. Brassey’s World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1996/1997. London: Brassey’s, 1996, p. 102-103, Tupolev Tu-160 (NATO name Blackjack).
* Taylor, Michael J. H. Brassey’s World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London: Brassey’s, 1999, p. 84-86, Tupolev Tu-160 (NATO name Blackjack). Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack Strategic Bombers Missile
Aircraft | Design | Ask Us | Shop | SearchAbout Us | Contact Us | Copyright © 1997-2018
Special Ukraine Tours
Kiev Tours | Tour Guide
Invite you to travel in Ukraine, choose your special Ukraine tour and enjoy perfect travel moments during sightseeing, helicopter, industrial and aviation tours!
Kiev Tour Guide Pavel Korsun | +38 050 936 96 80 | contact@ukraine-kiev-tour.comPoltava Sights | Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation
Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack and Tu-95 The Bear
Individual and group tours to Poltava
The largest heavy strategic bomber in the world is Tupolev Tu-160 White Swan - Blackjack and the only copy which can be viewed in Poltava Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation only as well as visit the cockpit. Today in Russia on combat duty there are seventeen Tu-160. In Ukraine during Soviet Union time there were nineteen Tu-160 in 184th Guards Heavy Bomber Regiment in Pryluky.
Tupolev Tu-160 White Swan - Blackjack is designed to take-off weight of 300 tons, flight speed of 2200 km per hour, variable-sweep wing - the angles 20, 30 and 65 degrees, 4 engines of 25 000 kilogram-force each, crew - pilot, co-pilot, bombardier, defensive systems operator, 12 missiles with nuclear warheads.
The procedure of launch of nuclear missiles on base of Tu-160: at the entrance to attack zone lights signal ’Start Enabled’, then type the code that unlocks a nuclear weapon, bombardier opens one or two bomber hatchs and produce missile launches.
Once missle X-55 separated from the aircraft after a while system is activated that puts stabilizers which are located in the normal position inside the missile. Then the missile X-55 descends to an altitude of 50 meters above ground level and continues the flight to pre-set coordinates considering the terrain at a speed of 800 km per hour with a flight range of 2500-3000 km. The deviation of pre-set coordinates is few tens of centimeters.
It is an interesting design solutions of tail of Tupolev Tu-160 White Swan - Blackjack that is turned one piece and a special part of the wing - triangle wing operating as an air brake. Taking off on Tu-160 took an average of 46 seconds.
Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear - an unique copy of four-engine turboprop-powered strategic bomber which no other museum in the world - only in Poltava Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation.
There were built only 64 aircrafts of Tu-95MS. This aircraft was designed for nuclear strikes on territory of United States of America (USA). Flight range is 10500 meters, 6 nuclear missiles, take-off weight of 185 tons, 4 engines of 15 000 kilogram-force each. Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear are on combat duty along the coast of United States of America resumed by President of Russia Vladimir Putin.
Tu-95MS has four turbojet engines that is configured to work in the most economical fuel mode. These engines are more economical than jet engines - in jet engines to increase the power necessary to increase the fuel consumption - in turbojet engines it is only needed to change the angle of rotor blades.
Front propeller of TU-95MS is rotated counter-clockwise, back - clockwise so both propellers create a large flow of air over the wing and at low-speed the aircraft TU-95MS controlled perfectly. Fuel tanks are 86 tons and during the flight the fuel is being used by the same econimic mode with the possibility to make flight up to 12 hours. Soviet pilots were not very fond of Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear due to high noise of propellers and the fact that the flight proceeded as very boring and monotonous. Most pilots wanted to fly a jet and supersonic aircrafts.
In the cargo hatch of Tu-95MS there is a beam to which are attached six nuclear missiles. Missiles could be released one by one or it was possible to release all the missiles at once. The crew of Tu-95MS never knew exact targets for which they shoot missiles.
In the tail of Tu-95MS there is an automatic gun which automatically identifies the object, makes aiming and shooting.
In Soviet Union times Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear took-off from Ukraine in the direction of North Sea then to England and landed in Cuba with nuclear weapons. This flight of Tu-95MS called ’Nuclear Patrol’. 90% of flight time of Tu-95MS bombers was with fighter escort of the countries near which took flight: Norway, England, America, Canada and England again. One of the crew members in the tail of Tu-95MS was an observer for fighter escort.
In Ukraine there were 23 of Tu-95MS bombers as a part of 1002nd Bomber Regiment ’Uzin’ near Bila Tserkva. After the decision to refuse of Ukraine of nuclear weapons - 3 aircraft were handed over to Russia for gas debts, 1 aircraft was transferred to Poltava Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation, all the other Tu-95MS bombers were cut for scrap.
The pilots and crew of Tupolev Tu-95MS - The Bear never wear parachutes - just sit on them. In case of emergency escape of aircraft crew sits on a wooden conveyor, wears parachutes and through the open hatch leave the plane. Apply a catapult on Tu-95MS makes no sense - too many crew members - seven men so it would be necessary to do a lot of hatches in the fuselage. The Tu-95MS is so reliable that even when stopped three engines it can be on one engine to land safe way.
Tu-95MS can be refueled in the air. Hyatt aruba casino poker no deposit. In Russia the record was set - Tu-95MS flew 43 hours non-stop. Now Russia is reinforced training of pilots on Tu-95MS and Tu-160 flying these aircrafts much more than pilots flew in Soviet times. There was a failure to prepare flight crews - old pilots of Soviet Union (USSR) was no longer able to fly according to age and new pilots were quite inexperienced. Thus is reinforced crew training and a return to a system of training of pilots of Soviet Union (USSR).
Tupolev Tu-22M3 - Backfire is listed in Guinness Book of Records as the fastest bomber in the world - 2 300 kilometers per hour. Take-off weight of 124 tons, crew - pilot, co-pilot, navigator, weapon systems operator, two engines at 25 000 kilogram-force each, variable-sweep wing - the angles 20, 30 and 65 degrees, can carry 24 tons of bombs.
The main objective of Tupolev Tu-22M3 - Backfire is the destruction of a potential enemy forces in Europe as well as important strategic objects - large factories, ports, objects of chemical and nuclear industry. Tu-22M3 can carry three supersonic missiles. Each missile weighs 6 tons with 1 ton warhead of TNT or nuclear (2 megatons), the speed of flight - 4000-6000 km per hour, the flight altitude of 22 kilometers above the ground. Automatic gun at the tail of Tu-22M3 fires 4000 shots per minute.
In aircraft Tu-22M3 between engines is presented emergency fuel discharge. Probability of poker hands in texas holdem. Tupolev Tu-22M3 - Backfire is filled with 54 tons of fuel and if after take-off there was an emergency - it was needed to remove the part of fuel because of the limited strength of the chassis for landing. If the problem let the crew to circling over the airport - the fuel was burned by Tu-22M3 engines, in case the landing should be done instantly - the fuel under 64 atmospheric pressure jetted into the air till the moment it will left 26 tons with which it was possible to land.
Preparations for the flight of Tu-22M3 was the following: crew take their places, start the engines, set the position of wings as far back (65 degrees - minimum size of the aircraft), taxiing to runway, then the wing is set to ’20 degrees’ and expand the area of wing. As a result the wing looks full of holes but thanks to this it well-blown on the top so Tupolev Tu-22M3 - Backfire could take-off of weight of 124 tons with speed of 370 kilometers per hour. After took-off - landing gear retraction, at a speed of 550 kilometers per hour wing was changed to ’30 degrees’, continue flying at subsonic speed, then turn on the afterburner, gaining altitude 11000 meters, then the position of wings set far back (65 degrees) and Tu-22M3 start flight at supersonic speed.
Tu-22M3 could not go into a tailspin but can falls on the engines. Test pilots tried to bring the plane out of this situation in different ways using afterburner and braking parachutes - nothing helped. But there were exercises in which the pilots at an altitude of 5000 dropped the speed to 370 km per hour with position of the wing ’30 degrees’ so that was almost stall mode and the plane was shaking all over.
Tupolev Tu-22K - Blinder made its first flight in 1958. The aircraft features: take-off weight of 92 tons, the speed of 1640 km per hour, the two engines on the tail of 16000 kilogram-force each, 3 crew members, range of 5280 km.
Tu-22K used to transport different types of bombs but the most of all proved to be as missile carrier. The task of Tu-22K was directing attacks against USA aircraft carriers. In Ukraine there were two regiments of TU-22K - Nizhyn Cavalry Regiment, missile-carrying regiment near Zhytomyr and three regiments were in Belarus.
The disadvantage of Tupolev Tu-22K - Blinder was a very bad configuration of the wing with very big sweep. There was also a weak mechanization - take-off was carried out at a speed of 420 km per hour and landing speed was 330 kilometers per hour - is also very high. Catapults of Tu-22K worked just down. The problem was that the catapult ejection at altitude below 240 meters above ground level was not possible. Pilot salary of Tu-16 and Tu-22K differed by 25 Soviet rubles only. The Tu-22K due to design flaws was dangerous for pilots and crew - many pilots simply refused to fly it. By NATO aircraft Tu-22K called ’ Blinder’ because of very limited visibility from the cockpit with the pilot position, just as well w
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